Skip to main content
  • Products
  • Evaluate our Software
  • Downloads
  • Free Utilities
  • Purchase
  • Support
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Forum
  • Search
    • Contact Us
    • Forum
    • Wiki
    • Web Shop
    • Newsletter
    • RSS
  •   Jobs
  •   Videos
  •   Blog
  •   Sustainability
  • emRun
  • emFloat
  • Technology

emFloat — The floating-point library

emFloat is an IEEE 754 compliant floating-point library designed from the ground up for embedded systems.

Contact us
  1. 1.Overview
    1. 1.1.Key features
  2. 2.Licensing
    1. 2.1.Variants
    2. 2.2.Silicon vendor buyout option
  3. 3.Implementation and design
  4. 4.Integration and use
  5. 5.Configuration options
  6. 6.Architecture-specific optimization
  7. 7.API functions — Explicit & implicit
  8. 8.Explicit function performance
  9. 9.Implicit function performance
    1. 9.1.EABI function performance on RISC-V
    2. 9.2.EABI function code size on RISC-V
  10. 10.Size comparison
    1. 10.1.Size comparison on Arm
    2. 10.2.Size comparison on RISC-V

Overview

Developed and honed for more than two decades, emFloat is a highly optimized component of emRun, SEGGER's C runtime library, and also a part of SEGGER Embedded Studio.

Designed for plug-and-play, emFloat can replace a default floating-point library, delivering better performance with less code. Very fast and very small, it delivers FPU-like performance in pure software. Where available, it even boosts the performance of an FPU for complex mathematical functions.

It is available stand-alone, in source code form, for developers who wish to increase performance or reduce the code size of their application without replacing the entire runtime library supplied with their toolchain.

emFloat can also be licensed for inclusion in third-party IDEs. An example is Microchip choosing to include emFloat in the Microchip XC32 V4.0 Compiler Toolchain.

Benchmarking for both floating-point and runtime libraries can be done quickly and easily using Embedded Studio, which is readily available at no cost for evaluation and non-commercial usage under SEGGER’s Friendly License.

For details on why using a thoughtfully designed runtime library is important, refer to the emRun page.

emFloat floating point library for embedded systems

Key features

  • Small code size, high performance
  • Plug-and-play: Can easily replace the default floating point library, delivering better performance with less code.
  • Flexible licensing, for integration into user applications or toolchains.
  • C-Variant can be used on any 8/16/32/64-bit CPU.
  • Hand-coded, assembly-optimized variants for RISC-V and ARM
  • Fully reentrant
  • No heap requirements

Licensing

emFloat is available for integration into specific projects by end users, as well as to toolchain providers that want to deliver a top-of-the-line runtime and/or floating-point library to their users. 

Licensing options are available to fit any such needs, usually with a single payment and no royalty obligation.

The library is delivered in source code, with optional rights for redistribution in object code form. All delivered C and assembly language source files are fully commented.

SEGGER software is not covered by an open source or required attribution license, and can be integrated into any commercial or proprietary product, without the obligation to disclose the combined source.

Variants

emFloat is available in a universal variant written in C, and specific variants for different CPUs. The specific variants include modules written in assembly language, optimized for the CPU architecture, and deliver a higher performance than the universal C variant.

Universal C Variant:

The universal version is written in C. The performance is highly optimized and much higher than the performance of comparable, C-coded open source implementations.

Supported CPUs: The universal variant can be used on any platform, including 8-, 16-, 32, and 64- bit processors.

Arm Variant:

The ARM-optimized variant is fully coded in Assembly language, conforming to the AEABI.This means it is compatible with any (A)EABI compliant tool chain, including any GCC, LLVM/Clang based tool chains as well as Arm's own compiler (incl. Keil) and IAR and can replace the default runtime library or parts of it.

Supported CPUs: The Arm Variant supports any 32-bit ARM CPU, starting from ARM Architecture V4. This includes Cortex-M, Cortex-A, and Cortex-R.

RISC-V Variant:

The RISC-V Variant is written in assembly language, providing functions compatible with the EABI. It can easily be used to replace the default runtime library of EABI compliant toolchains.

Supported CPUs: The RISC-V Variant supports RV32I and RV32E with architecture-specific acceleration. It supports faster multiply and divide with the M (multiply/divide) extension. It also supports fast division even if if the M extension lacks a divide instruction.

Silicon vendor buyout option

SEGGER offers the possibility to license emFloat for redistribution to your customers under your own terms. Please contact us to complete your offerings with a proven commercial solution.

More information on the Silicon vendor buyout option...

Silicon vendors for emFloat

Implementation and design

emFloat consists of two parts:

  • Arithmetic functions
    implementing functionality similar to that of the FPU, such as floating-point add, subtract, multiply, divide, comparisons, and conversions
  • Mathematical functions
    using the most efficient, modern algorithms, benefiting systems with or without an FPU

While all mathematical functions are written in C, the arithmetic functions for the Arm and RISC-V variants are hand-coded in assembly language. For other processor architectures the library has a portable C implementation.

emFloat is optimized on both, the design level (using efficient algorithms) as well as the implementation level (running on different architectures). The source code contains options to fine-tune it for high performance or small code size or a balance of the two, delivering excellent performance in all cases.

It provides a consistent execution environment which ensures that infinities, not-a-number, and zero results with correct sign are accepted as inputs and generated as outputs. To be consistent with floating-point units executing in fast mode, the library elects to flush subnormals to a correctly-signed zero. Because subnormals do not typically occur in embedded systems, this optimization enables significant code size reduction.

Integration and use

emFloat provides all well-known floating-point-related API functions of C standard libraries, as well as floating-point-operation functions defined by the architecture's EABI which are implicitly called and added by the compiler.

The floating-point Library can either be integrated into a toolchain to replace the existing standard library implementation, or it can be used side-by-side. The side-by-side use enables selective calls to the Floating-Point Library, while retaining the toolchain's standard library, which makes the integration and use easy and simple.

Example: To return the sine of a value x:

  • With the integrated use, call sin(x).
  • With the side-by-side use, call SEGGER_sin(x).

To multiply two float values A and B without the use of an FPU:

  • With the integrated use, call A * B, for which the compiler will implicitly call __mulsf3(A, B) or __aeabi_fmul(A, B).
  • With the side-by-side use, call SEGGER_fmul(A,B)

Configuration options

emFloat is configurable  for small code size or increased execution speed or a combination.  Optimizing for code-size or execution-speed or a balance of both does not cause any loss of accuracy. Calculated results are identical in all modes.

In the source distribution, the library can be configured and tuned to favor faster or smaller code with different levels of optimization:
-2 - Favor size at the expense of speed
-1 - Favor size over speed
0 - Balanced
+1 - Favor speed over size
+2 - Favor speed at the expense of size

The sections below show the performance of the high-level explicit functions and the low-level implicit floating-point functions of different architectures. For more information please refer to the blog post Floating-point face-off, part 2.

Note: Due to the specific features of each architecture, the performance values should not be compared to each other. Instead these values are generated for comparison with other floating-point libraries.

Architecture-specific optimization

The assembly language variants of the emFloat take advantage of processor-specific features. Each architecture has its own fine-tuned implementation.

In the Arm variant, the floating-point support makes use of the 32-bit Arm and Thumb-2 instruction set and uses divide instructions and extended multiply instructions, when available, which results in a smaller and faster implementation. Pure Thumb instruction sets, such as on Cortex-M0 and Cortex-M23 processors, are, of course, supported entirely, too.

In the RISC-V variant, software floating-point is supported on all RV32I and RV32E architectures. The floating-point implementation takes full advantage of processors that have the M extension, and processors that have the M extension but without a divide instruction. The C extension is supported to select registers that make the best use of the compact instruction encoding, achieving smaller code.

The assembly language versions have multiple implementations of arithmetic operations, using  architectural details and tailored algorithms to make the best use of the available instruction set. For instance, for single precision division:

  • Use a division instruction to iteratively develop a quotient, if available.
  • If no division instruction, but there is a multiplication instruction, use an initial reciprocal approximation refined by Newton-Raphson iterations with a final correction and multiplication.
  • If no division and no multiplication instruction, use a non-restoring division algorithm.

Similar optimizations apply to double-precision division. 

API functions — Explicit & implicit

Explicit Functions: emFloat implements all standard library functions which are usually exposed through math.h. These functions are always explicitly called by a user application.

With the integrated use of the library, the standard function can simply be called (no prefix), with the side-by-side use, the functions of this library can be called instead of the standard library implementation by adding the prefix "SEGGER_". The API interface is compatible.

Function List:

int                SEGGER_isinff        (float  x);
int                SEGGER_isinf         (double x);
int                SEGGER_isnanf        (float  x);
int                SEGGER_isnan         (double x);
int                SEGGER_isfinitef     (float  x);
int                SEGGER_isfinite      (double x);
int                SEGGER_isnormalf     (float  x);
int                SEGGER_isnormal      (double x);
int                SEGGER_signbitf      (float  x);
int                SEGGER_signbit       (double x);
int                SEGGER_classifyf     (float  x);
int                SEGGER_classify      (double x);
float              SEGGER_cosf          (float  x);
double             SEGGER_cos           (double x);
float              SEGGER_sinf          (float  x);
double             SEGGER_sin           (double x);
float              SEGGER_tanf          (float  x);
double             SEGGER_tan           (double x);
float              SEGGER_acosf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_acos          (double x);
float              SEGGER_asinf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_asin          (double x);
float              SEGGER_atanf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_atan          (double x);
float              SEGGER_atan2f        (float  y, float  x);
double             SEGGER_atan2         (double y, double x);
float              SEGGER_frexpf        (float  x, int *exp);
double             SEGGER_frexp         (double x, int *exp);
float              SEGGER_ldexpf        (float  x, int exp);
double             SEGGER_ldexp         (double x, int exp);
float              SEGGER_scalbnf       (float  x, int exp);
double             SEGGER_scalbn        (double x, int exp);
float              SEGGER_logf          (float  x);
double             SEGGER_log           (double x);
float              SEGGER_log10f        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_log10         (double x);
float              SEGGER_fmodf         (float  x, float  y);
double             SEGGER_fmod          (double x, double y);
float              SEGGER_modff         (float  x, float  *iptr);
double             SEGGER_modf          (double x, double *iptr);
float              SEGGER_powf          (float  x, float  y);
double             SEGGER_pow           (double x, double y);
float              SEGGER_sqrtf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_sqrt          (double x);
float              SEGGER_cbrtf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_cbrt          (double x);
float              SEGGER_ceilf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_ceil          (double x);
float              SEGGER_fabsf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_fabs          (double x);
float              SEGGER_fminf         (float  x, float  y);
double             SEGGER_fmin          (double x, double y);
float              SEGGER_fmaxf         (float  x, float  y);
double             SEGGER_fmax          (double x, double y);
float              SEGGER_floorf        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_floor         (double x);
float              SEGGER_hypotf        (float  x, float  y);
double             SEGGER_hypot         (double x, double y);
float              SEGGER_coshf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_cosh          (double x);
float              SEGGER_sinhf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_sinh          (double x);
float              SEGGER_tanhf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_tanh          (double x);
float              SEGGER_expf          (float  x);
double             SEGGER_exp           (double x);
float              SEGGER_expm1f        (float  x);
float              SEGGER_acoshf        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_acosh         (double x);
float              SEGGER_asinhf        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_asinh         (double x);
float              SEGGER_atanhf        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_atanh         (double x);
float              SEGGER_fmaf          (float  x, float  y, float  z);
double             SEGGER_fma           (double x, double y, double z);
float              SEGGER_exp2f         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_exp2          (double x);
float              SEGGER_exp10f        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_exp10         (double x);
float              SEGGER_expm1f        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_expm1         (double x);
float              SEGGER_log1pf        (float  x);
double             SEGGER_log1p         (double x);
float              SEGGER_log2f         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_log2          (double x);
float              SEGGER_logbf         (float  x);
double             SEGGER_logb          (double x);

Implicit Functions: When there is no hardware support for basic operations, such as multiplication of two floats, the compiler adds calls to helper functions emulating the operation with available resources. These are the implicit functions, defined by the toolchain's and architecture's EABI.

With the integrated use of the specific variants of emFloat, the compiler will use its implicit functions. When used side-by-side, the functions can be explicitly called instead of writing the standard operation in code.

Function List:

float              SEGGER_addf          (float, float);
double             SEGGER_add           (double, double);
float              SEGGER_subf          (float, float);
double             SEGGER_sub           (double, double);
float              SEGGER_mulf          (float, float);
double             SEGGER_mul           (double, double);
float              SEGGER_divf          (float, float);
double             SEGGER_div           (double, double);
int                SEGGER_ltf           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_lt            (double, double);
int                SEGGER_lef           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_le            (double, double);
int                SEGGER_gtf           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_gt            (double, double);
int                SEGGER_gef           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_ge            (double, double);
int                SEGGER_eqf           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_eq            (double, double);
int                SEGGER_nef           (float, float);
int                SEGGER_ne            (double, double);
float              SEGGER_float_int     (int);
double             SEGGER_double_int    (int);
float              SEGGER_float_llong   (long long);
double             SEGGER_double_llong  (long long);
float              SEGGER_float_uint    (unsigned);
double             SEGGER_double_uint   (unsigned);
float              SEGGER_float_ullong  (unsigned long long);
double             SEGGER_double_ullong (unsigned long long);
int                SEGGER_int_float     (float);
int                SEGGER_int_double    (double);
long long          SEGGER_llong_float   (float);
long long          SEGGER_llong_double  (double);
unsigned           SEGGER_uint_float    (float);
unsigned           SEGGER_uint_double   (double);
unsigned long long SEGGER_ullong_float  (float);
unsigned long long SEGGER_ullong_double (double);
float              SEGGER_float_double  (double);
double             SEGGER_double_float  (float);

Explicit function performance

For verification and benchmark of the explicit functions, the IEEE-754 Floating-point Library Benchmark application is available. It measures performance and precision of the implementation. For each function, significant values have been chosen to get best coverage.

The tables below show the results of the benchmark application running the C implementation on different architectures.

Performance on Arm: The benchmark has been done on an Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller (NXP K66FN2M0), running from RAM. Detailed results and test cases are available on the SEGGER Wiki.

sinf()Bit ErrorCycles
sin(1e-4) 0.0021
sin(1e-3) 0.00 55
sin(1e-2) 0.00 55
sin(1e-1) 0.00 54
sin(1) 0.00139
sin(1.47264147) 0.00138
sin(1.57079089) 0.00138
sinf(3.14158154)0.00106
sin(39.0735703) 0.00148
sin(355) 0.00152
sin(1048582.75) 0.00176
sin(100000*Pi) 0.00151
sin(1e10) 0.00187
sin(1e38) 0.00186
Total 0.001706
cosf()Bit ErrorCycles
cos(1e-4) 0.00 3
cos(1e-3) 0.00 48
cos(1e-2) 0.00 48
cos(1e-1) 0.00 48
cos(1) 0.00136
cos(1.47264147)0.00103
cos(1.57079780)0.00103
cos(6.28319073)0.00136
cos(355) 0.00180
cos(100000*Pi) 0.00180
cos(1e10) 0.00183
cos(1e38) 0.00182
Total 0.001350
tanf()Bit ErrorCycles
tan(1e-4) 0.0025
tan(1e-3) 0.00 74
tan(1e-2) 0.00 74
tan(1e-1) 0.00 73
tan(1) 0.00258
tan(6.45840693)0.00258
tan(355) 0.00282
tan(100000*Pi) 0.00273
tan(1e10) 0.00304
tan(1e38) 0.00321
Total 0.001942
expf()Bit ErrorCycles
expf(0) 0.003
expf(1e-5) 0.0044
expf(1e-4) 0.0044
expf(2e-4) 0.0044
expf(4e-4) 0.0043
expf(4.5e-4) 0.0044
expf(1e-3) 0.0044
expf(0.25123) 0.0081
expf(0.55123) 0.0080
expf(8.1) 0.0081
expf(16.1) 0.0081
Total 0.00589
sinhf()Bit ErrorCycles
sinhf(1e-5) 0.00 22
sinhf(1e-4) 0.00 23
sinhf(2e-4) 0.00 23
sinhf(4e-4) 0.00 60
sinhf(4.5e-4) 0.00 59
sinhf(1e-3) 0.00 60
sinhf(0.25123) 0.00 60
sinhf(0.55123) 0.00119
sinhf(8.1) 0.00121
sinhf(16.1) 0.00108
Total 0.00655
coshf()Bit ErrorCycles
coshf(1e-5) 0.00 28
coshf(1e-4) 0.00 28
coshf(2e-4) 0.00 29
coshf(4e-4) 0.00 48
coshf(4.5e-4) 0.00 48
coshf(1e-3) 0.00 47
coshf(0.25123) 0.00 48
coshf(0.55123) 0.00111
coshf(8.1) 0.00114
coshf(16.1) 0.00100
Total 0.00601
tanhf()Bit ErrorCycles
tanhf(0.25) 0.00 66
tanhf(1) 0.00108
tanhf(10) 0.00 18
Total 0.00192
logf()Bit ErrorCycles
logf(1e-5) 0.00158
logf(1024) 0.00100
logf(4177.25) 0.00140
Total 0.00398

Performance on RISC-V: The benchmark has been done on an RISC-V RV32IMAC microcontroller (GigaDevice GD32VF103), running from RAM. Detailed results and test cases are available on the SEGGER Wiki.

sinf()Bit ErrorCycles
sin(1e-4) 0.00 8
sin(1e-3) 0.00 70
sin(1e-2) 0.00 67
sin(1e-1) 0.00 67
sin(1) 0.00182
sin(1.47264147) 0.00193
sin(1.57079089) 0.00196
sinf(3.14158154)0.00153
sin(39.0735703) 0.00193
sin(355) 0.00219
sin(1048582.75) 0.00236
sin(100000*Pi) 0.00214
sin(1e10) 0.00255
sin(1e38) 0.00248
Total 0.002301
cosf()Bit ErrorCycles
cos(1e-4) 0.00 10
cos(1e-3) 0.00 50
cos(1e-2) 0.00 43
cos(1e-1) 0.00 43
cos(1) 0.00186
cos(1.47264147)0.00158
cos(1.57079780)0.00161
cos(6.28319073)0.00190
cos(355) 0.00252
cos(100000*Pi) 0.00251
cos(1e10) 0.00245
cos(1e38) 0.00257
Total 0.001846
tanf()Bit ErrorCycles
tan(1e-4) 0.00 7
tan(1e-3) 0.00 92
tan(1e-2) 0.00 87
tan(1e-1) 0.00 86
tan(1) 0.00403
tan(6.45840693)0.00397
tan(355) 0.00444
tan(100000*Pi) 0.00430
tan(1e10) 0.00458
tan(1e38) 0.00483
Total 0.002887
expf()Bit ErrorCycles
expf(0) 0.0010
expf(1e-5) 0.0045
expf(1e-4) 0.0041
expf(2e-4) 0.0038
expf(4e-4) 0.0038
expf(4.5e-4) 0.0038
expf(1e-3) 0.0038
expf(0.25123) 0.0086
expf(0.55123) 0.0089
expf(8.1) 0.0088
expf(16.1) 0.0086
Total 0.00597
sinhf()Bit ErrorCycles
sinhf(1e-5) 0.00 14
sinhf(1e-4) 0.00 14
sinhf(2e-4) 0.00 13
sinhf(4e-4) 0.00 67
sinhf(4.5e-4) 0.00 59
sinhf(1e-3) 0.00 59
sinhf(0.25123) 0.00 59
sinhf(0.55123) 0.00137
sinhf(8.1) 0.00133
sinhf(16.1) 0.00112
Total 0.00667
coshf()Bit ErrorCycles
coshf(1e-5) 0.00 26
coshf(1e-4) 0.00 24
coshf(2e-4) 0.00 24
coshf(4e-4) 0.00 50
coshf(4.5e-4) 0.00 50
coshf(1e-3) 0.00 50
coshf(0.25123) 0.00 50
coshf(0.55123) 0.00140
coshf(8.1) 0.00139
coshf(16.1) 0.00126
Total 0.00679
tanhf()Bit ErrorCycles
tanhf(0.25) 0.00 89
tanhf(1) 0.00145
tanhf(10) 0.00 14
Total 0.00248
logf()Bit ErrorCycles
logf(1e-5) 0.00265
logf(1024) 0.00183
logf(4177.25) 0.00240
Total 0.00688

Implicit function performance

The following tables show the performance and code size of the Arm and RISC-V EABI floating-point functions.

The performance benchmark runs the speed-optimized implementation of the floating-point library (__SEGGER_RTL_OPTIMIZE +2).
The code size has been measured with size optimization (__SEGGER_RTL_OPTIMIZE -2). The speed-optimized configuration requires slightly more code.

Performance on Arm: The benchmarks have been done on an Arm Cortex-M4 microcontroller (NXP K66FN2M0), running from RAM, compiled with Embedded Studio (GCC).

FunctionAverage Cycles
Float, Math__aeabi_fadd31.0
__aeabi_fsub39.9
__aeabi_frsub39.9
__aeabi_fmul26.0
__aeabi_fdiv53.0
Float, Compare__aeabi_fcmplt13.0
__aeabi_fcmple13.0
__aeabi_fcmpgt13.0
__aeabi_fcmpge13.0
__aeabi_fcmpeq7.0
Double, Math__aeabi_dadd54.5
__aeabi_dsub71.2
__aeabi_drsub71.2
__aeabi_dmul56.4
__aeabi_ddiv134.0
Double, Compare__aeabi_dcmplt14.0
__aeabi_dcmple14.0
__aeabi_dcmpgt14.0
__aeabi_dcmpge14.0
__aeabi_dcmpeq14.0
Float, Conversion__aeabi_f2iz9.0
__aeabi_f2uiz6.0
__aeabi_f2lz13.5
__aeabi_f2ulz12.0
__aeabi_i2f10.5
__aeabi_ui2f7.5
__aeabi_l2f19.0
__aeabi_ul2f13.8
__aeabi_f2d9.0
Double, Conversion__aeabi_d2iz10.0
__aeabi_d2uiz8.0
__aeabi_d2lz16.5
__aeabi_d2ulz13.5
__aeabi_i2d12.0
__aeabi_ui2d8.0
__aeabi_l2d17.9
__aeabi_ul2d12.9
__aeabi_d2f11.0

EABI function performance on RISC-V

The benchmarks have been done on a GD32VD107 (RV32IMAC), running from Flash, compiled with Embedded Studio (GCC), optimized for speed.

FunctionCycles, MinCycles, MaxCycles, Avg
Float, Math__addsf3456049.5
__subsf3428462.2
__mulsf3375739.3
__divsf3677067.0
Float, Compare__ltsf2111511.0
__lesf2101410.0
__gtsf2101710.0
__gesf2111411.0
__eqsf2101310.0
__nesf2101010.0
Double, Math__adddf3528962.8
__subdf36012382.8
__muldf3688875.0
__divdf3192204197.2
Double, Compare__ltdf2152016.0
__ledf2151916.0
__gtdf2152016.1
__gedf2151916.1
__eqdf2141714.0
__nedf2141414.0
Float, Conversion__fixsfsi141414.0
__fixunssfsi131313.0
__fixsfdi202923.2
__fixunssfdi152318.9
__floatsisf284732.6
__floatunsisf284233.0
__floatdisf396649.1
__floatundisf355844.1
__extendsfdf2141814.1
Double, Conversion__fixdfsi92016.8
__fixunsdfsi91413.8
__fixdfdi93426.9
__fixunsdfdi92521.5
__floatsidf284731.6
__floatunsidf193223.9
__floatdidf307345.1
__floatundidf276239.3
__truncdfsf2253625.1

EABI function code size on RISC-V

For function code size, the floating-point library has been compiled with optimization for size, targeting RV32IMC.

FunctionCode Size [Bytes]
Float, Math__addsf3410
__subsf310
__mulsf3178
__divsf3184
Float, Compare__ltsf258
__lesf254
__gtsf250
__gesf262
__eqsf244
__nesf2--
Double, Math__adddf3724
__subdf310
__muldf3286
__divdf3278
Double, Compare__ltdf270
__ledf270
__gtdf270
__gedf270
__eqdf252
__nedf2--
Float, Conversion__fixsfsi74
__fixunssfsi50
__fixsfdi146
__fixunssfdi98
__floatsisf66
__floatunsisf52
__floatdisf96
__floatundisf70
__extendsfdf264
Double, Conversion__fixdfsi84
__fixunsdfsi54
__fixdfdi146
__fixunsdfdi96
__floatsidf46
__floatunsidf34
__floatdidf128
__floatundidf106
__truncdfsf2130

Notes: __subsf3 tail-calls __addsf3, __subdf3 tail-calls __adddf3. __nesf2 is an alias of __eqsf2, __nedf2 is an alias of __eqdf2.

Size comparison

To demonstrate how competitive the floating-point library is from a size perspective, a level -playing-field benchmark is available. Quite simply, it calls a selection of the explicit floating-point library functions from main().

For the Arm variant and similarly for RISC-V, a single application and startup code can successfully link against multiple vendor-provided runtime systems thanks to all compilers conforming to the core-specific EABI. This simplifies the swapping of libraries both in the benchmark and in other projects.

The benchmark project uses exactly the same object modules with different runtimes for each vendor. The project uses Embedded Studio and a standard project template to build for different architectures.

The Arm applications are built with the SEGGER Compiler and the SEGGER Linker. The RISC-V applications use the GNU tools which are included in Embedded Studio.

#include "math.h"

volatile float  vf;
volatile double vd;

int main(void) {
  float f;
  double d;
  //
  f = vf;
  //
  f = sinf(f);
  f = cosf(f);
  f = tanf(f);
  f = asinf(f);
  f = acosf(f);
  f = atanf(f);
  f = sinhf(f);
  f = coshf(f);
  f = tanhf(f);
  f = asinhf(f);
  f = acoshf(f);
  f = atanhf(f);
  vf = f;
  //
  d = vd;
  d = sin(d);
  d = cos(d);
  d = tan(d);
  d = asin(d);
  d = acos(d);
  d = atan(d);
  d = sinh(d);
  d = cosh(d);
  d = tanh(d);
  d = asinh(d);
  d = acosh(d);
  d = atanh(d);
  vd = d;
  //
  return 0;
}

Size comparison on Arm

emFloat has been tested against:

  • IAR Embedded Workbench 8.50
  • GNU Arm Embedded 9-2020-q2-update
  • Arm Compiler 6.14, standard Arm libraries (flush-to-zero mode)
  • Arm Compiler 6.14, MicroLib (non-conforming IEEE implementation)
  • TI Code Composer 20.2.1 LTS

The table shows the results for ARMv7M with full software floating point.

LibraryROM Usage
SEGGER10,628 bytes
IAR17,656 bytes
AC6 MicroLib18,668 bytes
AC621,514 bytes
GNU33,809 bytes
CCS34,274 bytes

The overhead from the benchmark application is 306 bytes Flash.

Size comparison on RISC-V

For RISC-V emFloat has been tested against:

  • standard 2019-08-gcc-8.3.0 toolset (maintained by SiFive)

These are the results for RV32IMC.

LibraryROM Usage
SEGGER12,644 bytes
GNU47,176 bytes

More Information

Purchase

  • Pricing

Technology

  • emRun++
  • emFloat

About us

  • The Company
  • Partners
  • Job Offers
  • Media
  • Contact us

Support

  • Technical Support
  • Blog
  • Forum
  • Wiki

Downloads

  • Application Notes
  • Embedded Studio
  • embOS
  • emCompress
  • emCrypt
  • emFile
  • emLib
  • emLoad
  • emModbus
  • emNet
  • emPower
  • emSecure
  • emSSH
  • emSSL
  • emUSB-Device
  • emUSB-Host
  • emVNC
  • emWin
  • Flasher
  • Free Utilities
  • IoT
  • J-Link / J-Trace
  • Linux Studio
  • SystemView
  • CE / REACH

Social Media

Headquarters

SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH

Ecolab-Allee 5
40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
info@segger.com
Tel.: +49-2173-99312-0
Fax: +49-2173-99312-28

Locations

USA: SEGGER Microcontroller Systems LLC

Boston area
101 Suffolk Lane
Gardner, MA 01440, USA
us-east@segger.com
Tel.: +1-978-874-0299
Fax: +1-978-874-0599

Silicon Valley
Milpitas, CA 95035, USA
us-west@segger.com
Tel.: +1-408-767-4068

China: SEGGER Microcontroller China Co., Ltd.

Room 218, Block A, Dahongqiaoguoji
No. 133 Xiulian Road
Minhang District, Shanghai 201199, China
china@segger.com
Tel.: +86-133-619-907-60

ISO 9001 certified

ISO 9001

30+ years of experience

First-class embedded software tools since 1992
  • Imprint
  • Disclaimer
  • Privacy Policy

© 2023 SEGGER - All rights reserved.